Niazi Journal of Medical & Dental SciencesXXXX-XXXX2024-12-31141310.58398/0007.000002articleAyesha GohierMaria AqeelRai Institute of Medical Sciences, PakistanPSRD College of Rehabilitation Sciences, PakistanChronic pain and insomnia are common and unbearable conditions that markedly affect the quality of life of an individual. Traditional pharmacological management usually results in limited long-term benefits and side effects, triggering exploration of non-pharmacological interventions. This study compared the effectiveness of two non-pharmacological interventions, yoga and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), for reducing low back pain and insomnia severity in pregnant women over an 8-week period. A two-group, pre- and post-intervention quasi-experimental design was used. Both interventions were assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Participants attending two private healthcare facilities were enrolled into two intervention groups by site, yoga (n = 50) and PMR (n = 50). Both interventions produced significant within-group reductions in pain and insomnia scores, and the yoga group showed the larger improvement. In the yoga group, the mean pre-treatment NPRS score of 8.44 ± 1.15 was reduced to 1.42 ± 1.09 post-treatment (mean difference = 7.02, p < 0.001), and the mean ISI score of 23.02 ± 2.02 was reduced to 10.02 ± 2.10 (mean difference = 13.00, p < 0.001). In the PMR group, the mean pre-treatment NPRS score of 8.92 ± 1.03 was reduced to 5.62 ± 1.05 post-treatment (mean difference = 3.30, p < 0.001), and the mean ISI score of 23.84 ± 1.97 was reduced to 16.70 ± 1.30 (mean difference = 7.14, p < 0.001). Between-group comparison showed significantly greater improvement in the yoga group for both outcomes (p < 0.001). Both interventions were beneficial for reducing pain and insomnia, and the yoga group showed significantly greater improvement. With comparable baseline characteristics between groups, these findings support yoga as the more effective of the two programs, while acknowledging the absence of a usual-care control arm.